The Potential of Jamblang Bark Plants

Jamblang plant (Syzygium cumini) is one of the local fruits of Indonesia. All parts of this plant can be used for treatment, one of which is jamblang bark as an anticancer agent. Genus Syzygium family myrtaceae is one of the largest genera in Indonesia. The purpose of this literature review is to provide an overview of the active compounds contained in jamblang plants that work as anti-cancer. Based on the results of the research that has been done, the jamun plant contains the compounds β-sitosterol, friedelin, betulinic acid, flavonoids, terpenes, alkaloids, phenolics, ellagic acid, glucoside, anthocyanins, kaempferol, quercetin, isoquercetin, myricetin, tannins, carbohydrates, albumin, and so on which can be used as antiviral, cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antidiabetic, carminative, antihypertensive, anti-atherosclerotic, antifungal, antioxidant and hepatoprotector. It can be concluded that the active compound that works as an anticancer is a chemical compound of flavonoids located in jamblang bark (Syzygium cumini (L) Skeels).


Introduction
Cancer is a disease that causes a high death rate in Indonesia and around the world. Cancer is the uncontrolled growth and development of cells that occur in the body. The incidence of various types of cancer has increased in developing countries. Breast cancer and cervical cancer are the two most common types of cancer in women in Indonesia. The development of cancer is often found at an advanced stage (metastatic) and involves complex molecular mechanisms that cause problems in its therapy.
Indonesia, as a country in the tropics, has enormous biodiversity and is rich in medicinal raw materials, so phytopharmaca is an attractive treatment option and can be continuously developed. Indonesia has approximately 30,000 plant species and 7,000 species, including medicinal plants that have been researched scientifically. The abundance of species diversity and sources of native Indonesian fruit germplasm have not been used optimally until now. This can be seen, among others, by the large number of imported fruits circulating in various cities in Indonesia. Therefore, the wealth of abundant biological resources in Indonesia needs to be utilized as much as possible. [1][2][3][4] One of the plants that is often used for treatment is jamblang. Jamblang is the fruit and tree name for a plant with the scientific name Syzygium cumini. This fruit-producing tree is still classified in the guava tribe (Myrtaceae). Jamblang has enormous benefits not only as a food ingredient and, in some countries, jamblang is used as herbal medicine. The methanol extract of Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeel leaves contain secondary metabolites in the form of flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, and terpenoids, which are used in medicine,

A B S T R A C T
Jamblang plant (Syzygium cumini) is one of the local fruits of Indonesia. All parts of this plant can be used for treatment, one of which is jamblang bark as an anticancer agent. Genus Syzygium family myrtaceae is one of the largest genera in Indonesia. The purpose of this literature review is to provide an overview of the active compounds contained in jamblang plants that work as anti-cancer. Based on the results of the research that has been done, the jamun plant contains the compounds β-sitosterol, friedelin, betulinic acid, flavonoids, terpenes, alkaloids, phenolics, ellagic acid, glucoside, anthocyanins, kaempferol, quercetin, isoquercetin, myricetin, tannins, carbohydrates, albumin, and so on which can be used as antiviral, cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antidiabetic, carminative, antihypertensive, anti-atherosclerotic, antifungal, antioxidant and hepatoprotector. It can be concluded that the active compound that works as an anticancer is a chemical compound of flavonoids located in jamblang bark (Syzygium cumini (L) Skeels). Meanwhile, the exclusion criteria were animal models that were not related to medicinal uses, the absence of a control group, and duplication of publications. This study follows the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) recommendations.

Results and Discussion
Studies literature on the potential of the Jamblang bark plant (Syzygium cumin (L) Skeels) as anticancer based on the content of active compounds from several  Cancer is a non-communicable killer disease, which ranks second after cardiovascular disease in terms of causes of death in humans. Cancer is treated with surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of each (or all). In advanced stages, chemotherapy is the only drug to treat cancer and, therefore, has emerged as one of the most important cancer treatment modalities. Free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) cause diseases such as cancer, diabetes, heart disease, and inflammation. The amount of free radicals and their production increases. Excess ROS in the body can cause this imbalance in the immune system. Therefore, there is a need for more antioxidants outside the body.

Conclusion
The active compound contained in jamblang plants works as an anticancer jamblang (Syzygium cumin)