Authors should preserve and, where ethical and legally permissible, share the data, materials, protocols, and analytical information needed to evaluate and reproduce reported findings.
Data availability statement
Research articles must state where supporting data can be found, how access may be requested, or why sharing is restricted. Restrictions involving privacy, consent, law, security, traditional knowledge, or third-party rights must be explained.
Repositories and identifiers
Non-sensitive data should be deposited in a trustworthy repository where feasible, with a persistent identifier cited in the manuscript. Code, protocols, and reporting checklists should be supplied when relevant.
Integrity
Data fabrication, falsification, selective reporting, undisclosed image manipulation, and unsupported claims are prohibited. Authors must retain records for a period appropriate to their field and institutional requirements.